The emphasis was heavy on mobility, and the ability to outmaneuver the attacking armor this would feed into vehicle design, and cause the speed of a vehicle to be prioritized over survivability. Tank destroyer units were expected to be employed as complete battalions, held in reserve and committed at critical points, rather than parceled out as small defensive strongpoints. It laid down a focused doctrine- "There is but one objective of tank destroyer units… the destruction of hostile tanks" -and repeatedly emphasized an offensive, vigorous spirit. The new tank destroyer doctrine was formally stated in Field Manual 18–5, Tactical Employment, Tank Destroyer Unit, in June 1942. On 3 December, all existing anti-tank battalions were reassigned to General Headquarters and converted to tank destroyer battalions. The term "tank destroyer" was used from this point on, as it was seen as a more psychologically powerful term. Their employment was judged a success-though not without some disgruntled voices in the armored branch arguing that the umpires had rigged the results - and on 27 November, Marshall ordered the establishment of a tank destroyer Tactical and Firing Center at Fort Hood, Texas, under Bruce, and the activation of 53 new anti-tank battalions under the command of General Headquarters. The first nine units were deployed during the Louisiana Maneuvers of 1941, equipped with towed 37 mm anti-tank guns (the largest gun that could be towed by a jeep) and surplus 75 mm M1897 guns mounted on half-tracks (the M3 Gun Motor Carriage), and again in the Carolinas maneuvers that November. In August, a plan was laid out for a program of 220 anti-tank battalions. Three anti-tank "groups" were quickly organized, with each of three anti-tank battalions drawn from infantry divisions and various support units, and tasked with "speedy and aggressive action to search out and attack opposing tanks before they had assumed formation". McNair to take immediate action on organizing anti-tank forces. Bruce, and appointing Brigadier General Lesley J. Marshall cut through the knot by declaring the issue as sufficiently important to be dealt with as a combined-arms organization, forming an Anti-Tank Planning Board headed by Lt. The armored branch did not press for control of the anti-tank units, feeling that it would be at odds with their general principles of maintaining the offensive. The effort stalled on the issue of which branch of the Army should control it-the infantry (as a defensive role), the cavalry (as a mobile response force), or the artillery (as heavy guns). The conference gave broad support to the idea of creating mobile anti-tank defensive units (commanded by corps or army formations) which could be deployed to meet an armored attack. The immediate effect was to create an anti-tank battalion in infantry divisions, but this organic anti-tank capacity was not deemed sufficient. In April 1941, a conference focused on the future of antitank operations. ![]() ![]() 1 Development of US tank destroyer doctrineĭevelopment of US tank destroyer doctrine Development.The force was disbanded shortly after the end of the war when the concept had been shown to be militarily unsound. Over one hundred battalions were formed, of which more than half saw combat service. In practice, they were usually individually attached to infantry divisions. In this role, they would be attached in groups or brigades to corps or armies. The tank destroyer concept envisioned the battalions acting as independent units that would respond at high speed to large enemy tank attacks. The tank destroyer units were formed in response to the German use of massed formations of armored vehicles units early in WWII. The unit was organized in one of two different forms-a towed battalion equipped with anti-tank guns, or a mechanized battalion equipped with armored self-propelled guns. The tank destroyer battalion was a type of military unit used by the United States Army during World War II. JSTOR ( January 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Tank destroyer battalion" United States – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. ![]() This article needs additional citations for verification.
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